An extreme environment of low temperature is one of the major limiting factors to plant growth and its productivity. Potentially plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) can enhance plant resistance towards biotic and abiotic stresses (Yang et al. 2009; Grover et al. 2011) and improve plant growth along with soil conditions (Tilak et al. 2005; Vyas et al. 2009). Tolerance to stress provided by microbial inoculants becomes more significant within the perspective of crop production losses due to severe abiotic stress (Grover et al. 2011). Wheat-associated bacterial diversity inhabiting low temperature environments has been investigated extensively in the past few years with a focus on culture-dependent techniques (Selvakumar et al. 2011). Many cold-tolerant PGPB have been reported from low temperature environments included Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Exiguobacterium, Pseudomonas and Providencia (Mishra et al. 2011; Selvakumar et al. 2011; Bisht et al. 2013; Yadav et al. 2014a, b).
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A series of genes encoding enzymes related to PGP traits predicted in the LJH19 genome were amidase, isochorismate synthase, isochorismatase family protein YecD, nitrite reductase, nitrate reductase, and alkaline phosphatase (Table 3). Quantitatively LJH19 strain showed auxin production by utilizing L-tryptophan, and it got endorsed by the genomic evidence that predicted tryptophan dependent pathway utilizing L-tryptophan (Fig. 4; Table 3). Genes encoding amidase, N-acetyltransferase, and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase for auxin synthesis were predicted in the LJH19 genome (Table 3; Fig. 4). Auxin plays a vital role in the development of lateral plant roots and stem elongation [21]. The experimental studies also have shown remarkable siderophore production by LJH19 strain that is an important plant defense, suppressing fungal pathogens in the rhizosphere [20]. Upon genome mining, genes involved in the synthesis of polyamines (PAs), putrescine (Put), and spermidine (Spd) were also identified in the LJH19 genome (Table 3; Supplementary Table S6). In bacteria, these active molecules are involved in siderophore biosynthesis, improve the survival rate in freezing conditions, and stabilize spheroplasts and protoplasts from osmotic shock [47].
Because a large number of allophanate, biuret, ester, and other groups in polyester MPU are easy to be decomposed and cannot be used for a long time in high-temperature water medium. Polyether MPU has high strength, high elasticity, excellent low-temperature performance, and hydrolysis resistance. HNBR is a highly saturated molecular chain rubber containing acrylonitrile, hydrogenated butadiene, and a small number of butadiene segments. The unique structure of the HNBR molecular chain makes it have good mechanical properties, oil resistance, wear resistance, high-temperature thermal oxidation aging resistance, and other properties and is widely used in the field of oil production engineering as a raw material for the preparation of rubber cartridges. So, we choose these two materials for the study. 2ff7e9595c
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